Justifying matrix-lines



(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 1.

0. SEARS.

JUSTIFYING MATRIX LINES.

No. 508,186. Patented Nov. '7, 1893.

WITNESSES. WNZZTOR. M M 67 (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

O. SEARS. JUSTIPYING MATRIX LINES.

No. 508,186. Patented Nov. 7 1893.

B FIG.7

Ship by the line whi |Ship by flu: line which WITNESSES. INVENTOR.

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UNITED STATES PA ENT OFFICE.

CHARLES SEARS, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

JUSTIFYING MATRIX-LINES.

SPECIFICATION-forming part of Letters Patent No. 508,186, dated November 7, 1893.

Application filed July 18. 1892. Serial No. 440,359. (No model.)

ToaZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES SEARS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful 1m.- provements in 'Methods of and Mechanism for J ustifying Matrix-Lines; and I do hereby declare the following to be -a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the. art to which it appcrtains to make and use the same.

One serious obstacle to the practical success of mechanical type setters, matrix assembling machines, and matrix making machines has been the want of satisfactory mechanism for justifying the lines. Expanding spacers operated by wedges are, so far as I am aware, the only means which have as yet been found to answer the purpose in the matrix assembling machines; and the successful use of these spacers involves the employment of more or less complicated operating-mechanism which adds to the cost of the machines, and increases the necessary labor of the operator. With mechanical. type setters, I believe the justification is still done by hand; and with the matrix impressing machines it is only accomplished by the more or less educated guess work of the operator.

The object of my invention is to provide a system or method of justifying matrix lines and type lines and a very simple mechanical attachment for the machine for assembling orvmaking matrices whereby, with comparatively little care on his part, the operator may justify the line as he forms it; that is to say may be able to add as he goes along, thenecessary extra spaces to make every line when finished of the same standard length.

My method will be readily understood from the following description of the same, and of the mechanism shown in the drawings by which it may be practiced.

In the drawings, Figure .1 is a front elevation of the assembling rail orfitrough, and parts adjacent thereto, of a matrix assembling machine which is provided with the necessary attachments for the practice of my invention. Fig.2 is a plan view of the mech-' anism shown in Fig.1; and Fig. .3 is an end View of the same... Fig. 4 is a front view of the copy and the gages showing their relative position preparatory to beginning the formation of a matrix line. Fig. 5 is a side view of another variety of machine-via, a matrix making or type writing machine provided with the necessary attachments for the practice of my invention. Fig. 6 is a front view of the copy, copy carriage and gages, showing the relative position of these parts preparatory to beginning to form a matrix line. Fig.- 7 is a front view of the copy and gages showing their relative position when the matrix line has been partly formed but wholly justified, and also showing the matrix when in the condition described. Fig. 8 is a plan 'view of the differentialspacing devices, and Fig. 9 is an enlarged front view of the differential spacing mechanism.

My methodis equally applicable to the two principal types of machines which are employed to makeline matrices, vizz-first, those which assemble independent matrices from their magazines to a common composing point;

and, second, those which impress the letters, v

one at a time, into the matrix material. It is also applicable to use with type setting machines which, so far as their relation to my invention is concerned, differ from matrix assembling machines only in the character of the type assembled. Itv is also applicable to type writing machines which, as they relate to my invention, differ from matrix making machines only in that the letters are imjpressed one by one onto instead of into suitable impression receiving material. Indeed the form of machine illustrated in Figs. 5 to 9 is rather a type writing machine than a matrix making machine, and it was selected for the purpose of illustrating the application of the invention to this general type of machine because it could be shown in more simple form than could a matrix making machine.

It may be admitted that the practical utility of my invention when used in connection with a type writing machine is very slight, but that does not affect the fact that it can be so used if desired; and the applicability of the invention to this class of machine is as fully illustrated by the drawings as it would be had I shown a more complicate matrix making machine.

In order to simplify the following description,I shall use the term matrix line in width to the selected unit or some multiplethereof; and in. matrix impressing machines or type writers, the carriage which supports the impression receiving material shall bemoved in each feed movement a distance eqnall to the selected unit onsome multiple thereof. .The standard 1ine,thatv is the re qniredlength ofevery line-willbe some multipleof the selected unit.v -Therefore if the totalnumber of units inthematter which istoappean in one line is not equal. to the total number, of units in thestandardline, the mattrixline. can, if means are provided for adding single unit spaces,be made of exactly standard lcngthby theaddition of the required units of space. Itis also. necessary that the copy which is provided for the operator ofthe machine shallzbe. type written,.and that each letter on this copy shall occupy the same space which the corresponding type or matrix will occupy imthe matrixline to be made. It is alsonecessary to provide two gages. which. are t separated from each other a distance equalto the length of the standard line, and to place the copy behind-saidgages, and thentofeed the copy forward simultaneously with each increment inthelength of the lnatrixline being assembled or made, and a distance exactly equalstosuch increment. When the copy is placed behind the gages, its end,that is to say the last letter in the matterwhich will form one. matrix line, is placed againstor in linetwith the right hand gage. The distance between the first letter in the line of copy and the. left hand gage represents exactly the amountwhich the copy. line is shorter than the-standard, and consequently represents exactly the amount of extra spacing which must be added .to thematrix line to makeit standard length; and small extra spaces are added by the operator between words. as he forms the matrix line until the total extra spacing required has been added. When each letter and space is. added to the matrix, line,.the copy is moved to the-let't,.a distance. equal to the widthot' such addition; consequently with the addition to the matrixline of each additional space, theletter onithe copy correspondingwith the letter about to be added to the matrix line is,-by so, much,,broug.ht nearerto the lefthand gage. 'llherefore, .when, by the addition of extra spaces, the left hand edge of theletter on the. copy which corresponds tothe letter about to be added to the matrixline is opposite to or in line. with the. left handgage, the operator knows that he has justified his matrix line,

,su-itable paper (preferably-in the form of a tape) with letters which occupy the same 'space in the line which correspondingletters will occupy in the matrix line, and with normal spaces between the words.-

OO' represent respectively vertical gages whichlie-in front. of the copy: and at adistance apart. eqnalr. to I the length of the-standard line; Im the form shown; these. gages. are the vertical; edgesiof a slot inaplate 0 through whichslot. the. copy may beseen. The plate is in two-pants one of which slides upon the. other,. whereby the distance be-- tween the two gages'may be varied andthere by adapted to use when it is desired to change the length of the matrix line, Phe screws 0 which: pass through slots 0 are provided for fastening the two parts together. The carriage has two-rolls D D on one of which, D, a longtape containing considerable preparedicopy'may be. wound. The copy is Wound up on the othenD as each line thereof is set up on the machine. I111 beginning the formation of a matrix line the carriage A ismoved to. the extremeright;.the-copy' is placed with the right hand letter of the matter which will constitute a matrixline, opposite-or in line with theright hand gage. The 1 plate a, at the lower edge of the slot through.

which the copy shows, is graduated, the unit of graduation beingthennit vupon which the matrices or dies are made; and when the copy is in position as described, the number of units betweenthe left hand letterand'the left hand gage Ocanbe read by the operator, whowill know'theu how many extra units of space must be addedtojustify the line.. This graduated edge isnot absolutely essential'to thesnccessfnl practice of the invention, but

it is obviously of great advantage to theoperator to know beforehand how many units he must add to the line,.because he can cal.- culate on addingabout the same amount1 of extra space between'all words in th'e'line,

thereof illustrated. In the form shown: in

Fig. 1 the carriageA. moves backward and ;forward onthe guiding bar F which is supported in a substantially horizontal position. The. plate a isateby any suitable means. taohed to the spout H out of which the matrices drop into the assemblingtrough G; On

the leftihandlend of the carriage, an arm lispivoted, the end of which enters aslot in they rear wall of the trough G,' whereby its .end may lie against the foremost matrix in the line.

N represents a plunger which lies in the trough and is moved back and-. forth, after each matrix and space is dropped into the trough, by the rocking oflever 11', which is rocked through a definite path of-the revolu tion of the crank shaft n: A crank pin n on this shaft enters a slot in the lever as shown. The plunger therefore moves forward to the same point in every movement, Preparatory'to beginning the forming of a matrix line, the carriageismoved to the right until the arm I is at the point which the plunger reaches in its forward movement. Then the matrices and spaces are. droppedfrom the spout H one by one. The plunger moves for ward after thefall of every matrix and spacer thereby moving it and all of the other-mat rices and spacerswhich havebeen assembled .in the line, the arm I, the carriage A' and copy B forward a distance. equal to the width of the said matrix; After each word the operator addsa space wider thana normal space, thereby, by so much, bringing the first letter of the word on the "copy which is rial. I have alsoshown m'echanismfor mov-' tween words are two units wide. I n in the copy line is in line with the right ing, the matrix line after each letter and space is added, but since the extra spaces'are al ways added between words the desired result can be accomplished if the matrix line is moved forward after the completion of each word and the addition of the spaces which immediately follow it. Then, w'henthe line is justified, the fact will appear when the first letter of the Word next to be added is in the line with the left hand gaging-edge.

I will illustrate the operation oftheinvem tion by particular reference to the drawing.

Fig. at shows the copy line If in a wide ex perience with men behind the plate 0 and in position to begin the formation of a matrix line. the same space in the linethat corresponding matrix letters willoccupy,"and the spacesbe hand gage. From the graduated edge of-the slot in the plate it appears that the copy line is six units'short of standard length. A glance shows that there are more than six Therefore the operator words in the line.

forming the matrix line adds after each-word an extra unit of space; that is he uses spaces three units wide, until after he has set up If Eachof the letters on the copy occupy The last in a wide experience with :iand has added the three unit space after with he sees that the first-letter in the next word men is in line with the left hand gage. From this fact he i knows he has completed his justification; and

in'conipleting his matrix line he puts between the'words men and''in" a two unit space 'the same as in thecopy. The arm I is pivoted to thecajrriage, and when the' matrix line.

is completed this arm may be swung out of theway'andsaid matrix line pushes along "the trough toan'other part of the'm'achine.

'- In the form of the matrix making machine shown in Figs. 5 to 9 inclusive, each letter and the normalispa'ce occupies jusbfour space 'units. 1- could as well employ one of the machinesalreadyinvented having differential letter spacing mechanism, but the principle and mode'of operation of my invention would j be in no'wi'se'affected. In=the machine which I doshowI provide'm'eans for adding at any desired place either a single'unitspace,'or a double unit space, whereby I-may addas I please as many extra units of" space as Idesire. I

In the. drawings, the copy'carriage A-is shown'attached to the platen carriageO and thereforethe feed movement of'both must be equal. The plate 0 having the gaging edges" 0 G is rigidly fixed to the machine in suitable relation to the copy 'carriage. On the carriage O is a rack R with which the pawls S S engage. The pawls SS' are fixed on a rock shaftTwhich is-rocked by means of the arms 25 rigidly connected therewith, the bart whi'chlies under all the keys andthe links t which connect said bar'and arms t. Therefore when any key is depressed the rock shaft T is operated.- The pawl S is rigid but the pawl S is pivoted to it on 'a pivot atright angles to the axis of the rock shaft, and is moved, when free to move, by a spring. When the rock shaft is rocked'by the depre'ssionof a'nykeythe rigid pawl engages withthe rack,and the spring pawl S, releasedfro'm such engagement, is moved by itsspring to the'right'a'distanc'e equal to four notches in the rack. When the key'is released the rock' shaft returns to its normal position and the pawl S engages with" the rack. Immediately the spring or weight which operates the carriage moves said carriage to the left until the pawl-S comes into line with the pawl S', which position is the limit of the movement of said pawl S to the left. So much of the feeding mechanism as is above described isnotnew,being substantially the same 'as the mechanism 'now in common use on the Remington type-writing machine e the only differ ence being that the divisions on the rack are so small that the backward" movement of the pawl'S is :equal to four di-f' visions in the rack instead of oneas with the Remington machine. v

m represe'nts a rod onwhich are pivoted two bell levers M and M. One arm of the leverM is connected with the half space or two unitkeyP and one arm of the lever M is connected with the quarter space or one unit key I IVhen the key P is depressed the lever M is rocked and its upper end brought behind the pawl S. When said pawl is released from the rack it springs back and strikes said arm of the lever M, and the backward movement is only equalto two divisions of the rack. WVhen the said space is released and the rock shaft returns to its normal position the carriage moves forward through two units of space. When the space key P is depressed one arm of the lever M is moved behind the pawl and acts as a stop to prevent the said pawl from moving backward a distance greater than one division on the rack. Therefore,when the said hey is released the carriage moves forward a distance equal to one unit. Means are therefore provided for adding between words extra spaces equal to either one or two units, and these extra spaces may be added with the same result as in the machine first described. When alsnfficient number of extra spaces have been added, the letter on the copy corresponding with the letter about to be added to the matrix line (which is the w of we as shown in Fig. 7 of the drawings) is in line with the left hand gage/O, and the operator knows his line is ,3 ustified.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire'to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The herein-described method of justifying matrix lines, which consists in (first) preparing a copy having letters which occupy the same space which corresponding letters will occupyin the .matrixline and having normal spaces between words; (second) placing this copy behind two gages which are separated a distance equal to the desired length of the matrix line, with the last letter in the copy line opposite or in line with the right hand gage; (third) forming the matrix line letter by letter and space by space; (fourth) moving the copy toward the left hand gage distances exactly equal to the increments in the length of the matrix line which is being made, (fifth) adding extra spaces between words until the letter on the copy corresponding with the letter about to be added to the matrix line is opposite or in line with the left hand gage; and (sixth) finishing the matrix line without the addition of extra spaces.

2. In machines for forming matrix lines, a copy-holding carriage, two gages which are separated a distance equal to the length of the matrix line to be formed, and are adapted to lie in front of the copy on said carriage, and means for moving the said carriage to the left a distance exactly equal to the increment to the length of the matrix line being formed, substantially as andfor the purpose specified.

In machines for forming matrix lines, a movable copy-holding carriage, a plate 0 having a graduated edge, two stationary gages which are separated a distance equal to the length of the matrix line 'to beformedand are adapted to lie in front of the copy on said carriage, andmeans for moving said carriage to the left a distance exactly equal .to the increments to the length of the matrix line being formed, substantiallyas and 'for the purposespecified.

4. In machines for forming matrix lines, a movable copy-holding carriage, two gages adapted to lie in front of the copy on the copy-holding carriage, means for varying the distance between said gages, and mechanism for moving said carriage to theleft a distance exactly equal to the increment in the length of the matrix line which is being formed, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. In machines for forming matrix lines, a

movable copy-holding carriage, a fixed plate adapted to lie in front of the copy on said carriage, and having a horizontal slot through which the copy may be seen, graduations on one horizontal edge of said slot, means for varying the length of said slot, and mechanism for moving said carriage to the left a distance exactly equal to the increment in the length of the matrix line which is being formed, substantially as and for thepurpose specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES SEARS. Witnesses:

E. L. THURSTON, M. S. INGHAM. 

